Aedes albolateralis, a potential vector of nocturnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus.

The susceptibility of Aedes albolateralis to nocturnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus was investigated by using artificial membrane feeding and intrathoracic inoculation techniques, respectively. The results indicated that Ae. albolateralis was susceptible to nocturnally subperiodic W. bancrofti (susceptibility rate = 9.43%) and dengue type 2 virus (susceptibility rate = 100%), suggesting the potential vector of the two pathogens.

The application of ethanol-extracted Gloriosa superba for metaphase chromosome preparation in mosquitos.

The application of ethanol-extracted Gloriosa superba for metaphase chromosome preparation in adult and 4th larva Aedes aegypti revealed that 0.5-8% ethanol-extracted Gl. superba solution could be used instead of 1% colchicine in Hanks' balanced salt solution. For adult mosquitos, the metaphase rates and average number of metaphase chromosomes per positive mosquito after intrathoracic inoculation with 1-2% ethanol-extracted Gl. superba solution were 100% and 11.8 (2-16) -12.6 (3-28) in females, and 80-90% and 16.5 (1-52) - 29.89 (1-72) in males, whereas the inoculation with 1% colchicine solution yielded 80% and 50% metaphase rates, and 18.25 (1-40) and 16.5 (2-53) average number of metaphase chromosomes per positive mosquito in females and males, respectively. For 4th stage larvae, the metaphase rates and average number of metaphase chromosomes per positive mosquito after incubation with 0.5-8% ethanol-extracted Gl. superba solution were 90-100% and 14.42 (1-65) - 64 (19-137), while incubation with 1% colchicine solution yield 100% metaphase rate and 10.9 (7-15) average number of metaphase chromosomes per positive mosquito.

Immunoblotting and enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of toxoplasma infection in HIV Thai patients.

Toxoplasma gondii has been recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised persons. The diagnosis of T. gondii infection is most often based on serological tests results. Serological diagnosis can be limited in AIDS patients because of depressed antibody responses. Fifty serum samples were used in this study to investigate serological evidence of toxoplasmosis in HIV positive Thai patients by Platelia kit, the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in which the membrane protein p-30 is the predominant antigen and immunoblot technique (IB). Sera of HIV positive Thai patients with Toxoplasma infection recognized the same antigenic component, the 32 kDa antigenic band, as is recognized by Toxoplasma positive sera from immunocompetent patients and it may represent a specific marker for diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection in HIV positive Thai patients.

Indirect immunoperoxidase staining of Crithidia luciliae for detecting anti-dsDNA: comparison with other serodiagnostic tests.

The indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) method was modified and improved for detecting anti-dsDNA. Using fetal calf serum to block the non-specific antibodies and staining with chromatic substrate solution at pH 6.2, the performance time is substantially decreased and the patterns of positive and negative staining are easily distinguished. IIP was compared with indirect hemagglutination (IHA), latex agglutination (LA) and the standard method indirect immunofluorescent technique (IFT). The sensitivities and specificities of the three methods were studied in 507 sera from various sources. Using IFT as the gold standard, sensitivities of IIP, IHA, LA were 98.18%, 88.18% and 50.91% respectively, and the corresponding specificities were 99.5%, 98.24% and 100%. There was a good correlation between titers of IFT and IIP (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.77, p < 0.001) with no significant difference between the titer of both tests (Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Rank test, p = 0.143). These results indicate that the modified IIP method is both highly sensitive and specific and only needs a light microscope to perform it.

Toxoplasma infection in healthy persons and in patients with HIV or ocular disease.

Toxoplasma infection is associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), pregnancy, chorioretinitis, etc. Since the number of AIDS patients is increasing rapidly in Thailand and there are few reports about T. gondii immune status in this country. Toxoplasma-specific IgG and IgM antibodies (Ab) were determined in healthy persons and patients with different symptoms who were suspected of toxoplasmosis. Specific IgG Ab were detected in 3.2% of healthy persons, 12.5% of patients with ocular disease and in 42.5% in HIV positive patients. Only 3.1% of patients with ocular disease were positive for specific IgM Ab. No specific IgM Ab were found in the other samples studied.